法国专利FR3023083A1 VOLTAGE CONVERTER COMPRISING AN ISOLATED DC / DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT

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专利摘要:
The invention relates to a voltage converter (1) comprising: - an isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) having switches (M31, M32) including opening and closing successions with at least one duty cycle (α) allow energy to be transmitted through the isolated DC / DC converter (3); a control circuit (2) for the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3); the control circuit (2) being configured to control the output voltage (Vout) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) by changing the voltage delivered to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3), the duty cycle (α) isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) remaining constant.
公开号:FR3023083A1
申请号:FR1456219
申请日:2014-06-30
公开日:2016-01-01
发明作者:Hicham Sadki；Larbi Bendani
申请人:Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to a voltage converter comprising an isolated DC / DC converter circuit, a voltage conversion device comprising an interleaving of converters according to the invention, as well as a method for converting voltage. voltage conversion implemented with the converter according to the invention. Isolated direct current / direct current (DC / DC) converters may have zero voltage switching or zero current switching (ZVS) or zero current switching (ZCS) switching. zero current switching ") that reduce switching losses during voltage conversion. These converters are therefore particularly advantageous in an automotive application where the energy resource is limited. In a vehicle, a voltage converter can be used to adapt voltage levels between several electrical networks of the vehicle or to convert a voltage between a power source and an electrical consumer embedded in the vehicle. There is known a DC / DC voltage converter isolated from the patent US5754403, illustrated in Figure 1. The converter comprises two switches, arranged in half bridge, which are connected at their midpoint to a branch which comprises two transformers in series. The switches control the transmission of energy through the transformers to convert the input voltage of the converter to an output voltage. Diodes connected to the secondary of the transformers make it possible to straighten the output signal. The output voltage is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of the switches. By changing the duty cycle to reach an output voltage target value, the gain of the converter is adjusted to reach the output voltage target value. In particular, when the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter varies, it is known to vary the duty cycle of the switches of the isolated DC / DC converter to regulate its output voltage, that is to say to maintain its output voltage to a desired value. However, the voltage stress of the rectifying diodes is a function of the duty cycle of the converter switches. This stress can become important when the duty cycle becomes close to 0% or 100%. To limit the voltage stress of the rectifying diodes, the two transformers have respective ratios of transformations which are different. But this complicates the design of the converter because the transformers can not be identical and the secondary current has discontinuities. In addition, by working with a variable duty cycle, the output current ripples can vary greatly causing a variation in the efficiency of the converter. To maintain a functioning with a good yield, the duty cycle must be little variable. However, in a vehicle, the voltage of a power source, such as a battery, can vary greatly depending on the available energy. Such input variation of the converter involves varying the duty cycle correspondingly, which limits the use of the isolated DC / DC converter in a vehicle. It is therefore sought a solution to improve the performance of an isolated DC / DC converter so as to allow its use in a motor vehicle. In order to solve this problem, the invention relates to a voltage converter comprising: an isolated DC / DC converter circuit having switches whose opening and closing successions with at least one duty cycle make it possible to transmit energy through the isolated DC / DC converter circuit; a circuit for regulating the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit; the control circuit being configured to control the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit by changing the voltage delivered to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit remaining constant. Through the control circuit, a desired voltage value at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit is obtained by adjusting the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. At each desired voltage value at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit corresponds an input voltage value of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. A desired output voltage value is obtained without changing the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. The duty cycle can therefore be set to a value that allows maximum efficiency. At a given output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the control circuit enables operation of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit with a constant duty cycle for any input voltage, in particular within an operating range of isolated DC / DC converter circuit. For example, the difference between the minimum value and the maximum value of the input voltage of the converter is between 150 and 500V; for example, the minimum value of the input voltage is between 150 and 200 V; and the maximum value of the input voltage is between 400 and 500V, or even between 400 and 650V. The duty cycle of the switches of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit therefore remains constant to an uncertainty.
[0002] In particular, the control circuit comprises switches and is such that its duty cycle is adjusted to obtain a voltage value at the output of the control circuit, that is to say at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. This voltage value is adjusted to obtain a desired voltage value at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit.
[0003] The control circuit delivers its output signal at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. For this purpose, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit may be in cascade of the control circuit. The isolated DC / DC converter circuit is notably connected directly downstream of the control circuit.
[0004] In particular, the control circuit is configured to deliver a voltage to the DC / DC converter circuit isolated from, directly or indirectly, an input voltage of the voltage converter. The voltage converter may be a DC-DC converter configured to convert a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage. The voltage converter may be an AC-DC converter configured to convert an AC voltage to a DC voltage. Advantageously, the voltage converter then comprises an AC-DC converter circuit upstream of the control circuit or a DC-DC converter circuit downstream of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. By suitable adaptations, the voltage converter can be an AC-AC converter. According to one embodiment, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit is configured so that its duty cycle is substantially equal to 50%. At a duty cycle of 50%, the output current of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit has ripples which are small because the ripples of the currents in magnetising inductances of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit are compensated. . According to one embodiment, the control circuit and the isolated DC / DC converter circuit are in a single module. In particular, the control circuit and the isolated DC / DC converter circuit are in the same housing of an electronic module or on the same electronic card of the module. According to one embodiment, the converter comprises a circuit for implementing a first loop so as to slave a setpoint of an electrical parameter of a signal of the control circuit to a difference between the value of the output voltage of the converter circuit. Isolated DC / DC and an output voltage setpoint of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the setpoint of the electrical parameter being such that the control circuit delivers to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit an input voltage value corresponding to a value output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit.
[0005] According to one variant, the converter comprises a circuit intended to implement a second loop so as to slave the electrical parameter of the signal of the regulation circuit to a difference between the value of the electrical parameter and the reference of the electrical parameter. According to one variant, the signal of the regulation circuit is the signal delivered by the regulation circuit, or a signal flowing in the regulation circuit. According to one variant, the electrical parameter of the signal is its current or its voltage. Thus, in one variant, the circuit is intended to implement the first loop so as to slave the current delivered by the control circuit, or a current flowing in the control circuit, to a difference between the value of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit and an output voltage setpoint of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit.
[0006] In particular, the circuit of the first loop and / or the second loop enslave the electrical parameter by slaving switches included in the control circuit, in particular by controlling a duty cycle opening or closing switches.
[0007] According to one embodiment, the control circuit is a DC / DC converter type Sepic (for the English "Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter"), Ùuk, buck ("buck" in English), elevator ("boost" in English) or buck-boost. According to one embodiment, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprises at least a first and a second isolation transformer in series, the switches for transmitting energy through the isolated DC / DC converter via the transformers. According to one embodiment, the DC / DC converter circuit is configured so that: - on a first part of an operating period, the primary of the first transformer realizes an inductance allowing a soft switching of the switches and the primary of the second transformer transfers an energy towards the secondary of the second transformer; - On a second part of the operating period, the primary of the second transformer performs an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches, and the primary of the first transformer transfers energy to the secondary of the first transformer. According to one embodiment, a magnetizing inductance of at least one transformer is configured so that a cyclic report a magnetizing current flowing in the transformer allows a smooth switching of the isolated DC / DC converter switches. According to one embodiment, the output of the regulation circuit is connected to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit at a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprising at least a portion of the switches of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. According to one embodiment, the output of the regulation circuit is connected to a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprising said transformers. According to one embodiment, the switches and the primary of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit form a half-bridge structure. Alternatively, the switches and the primary of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit form a full bridge structure, or have any other configuration allowing operation of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. According to one embodiment, at least one of the switches comprises a capacitor in parallel.
[0008] The invention further relates to a voltage conversion device comprising at least two voltage converters according to the invention, the two converters being interleaved; and wherein the control circuits are configured to operate with a phase shift of 27c / n, and the isolated DC / DC converter circuits are configured to operate with a phase shift of 7t / n, where n is the number of interleaved voltage converters. According to one embodiment, the voltage converters share a single circuit for implementing the first loop, so that the control circuits receive the same setpoint. The invention also relates to a voltage conversion method comprising the steps of: - providing at least one isolated DC / DC converter circuit having switches whose opening and closing successions with at least one duty cycle make it possible to transmit a energy through the isolated DC / DC converter; and a circuit for regulating the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit; - Check the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit by modifying the voltage delivered to the isolated DC / DC converter, the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit remaining constant. According to one embodiment, the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit is substantially equal to 50%. According to one embodiment, the control of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprises a first loop controlling the setpoint of an electrical parameter of a signal of the control circuit to a difference between the value of the voltage of the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit and an output voltage setpoint of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the setpoint of the electrical parameter being such that the isolated DC / DC converter circuit receives an input voltage having a value corresponding to a respective output voltage value of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. According to one embodiment, the method comprises providing the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprising at least a first and a second isolation transformer in series; and: on a first part of an operating period of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the primary of the first transformer produces an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches and the primary of the second transformer transfers energy towards the secondary of the second transformer. ; - On a second part of the operating period of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the primary of the second transformer performs an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches, and the primary of the first transformer transfers energy to the secondary of the first transformer. According to one embodiment, the control of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprises the modification of a voltage delivered by the control circuit at a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprising at least one part of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit switches.
[0009] According to one embodiment, the control of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprises the modification of a voltage delivered by the control circuit at a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit comprising the transformers of the DC / DC converter circuit. isolated DC / DC converter circuit.
[0010] According to one embodiment, the method comprises providing a plurality of interleaved isolated DC / DC converters; and: the isolated DC / DC converter circuits operate with a phase shift of n / n, where n is the number of interleaved converters; and the control circuit or circuits operate with a phase shift of 27c / n.
[0011] According to one embodiment, the control of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC circuits is achieved with the same setpoint delivered by a single control circuit. The invention will be better understood with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an isolated DC / DC voltage converter according to the prior art; FIGS. 2 to 7 each illustrate an example of a DC / DC voltage converter according to the invention; FIG. 8 represents a graph of the gain as a function of the duty cycle in an isolated DC / DC voltage converter according to the invention; FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary method of controlling a conversion device comprising an interleaving of converters according to the invention. The voltage converter will be better understood by referring to FIG. 2. The converter 1 comprises an isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 and a circuit 2 for regulating the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The circuits 2, 3 include switches M21, M22, M31, M32, a succession of openings and closures to control the output signal of these circuits. These switches may be transistors, such as MOSFET, IGBT or other transistors. The circuits 2, 3 may be made from a semiconductor material such as silicon (Si), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), or any other semiconductor material. In the example considered, the regulation circuit 2 is a DC / DC down converter, however it could be of another type of DC / DC converter as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The regulation circuit 2 comprises two M21 switches. , M22 in series. The switch M21, said switch high side, is connected to the upper terminal of a voltage source (not shown). The switch M22, called low side switch, is connected to the lower terminal of the voltage source. This lower terminal corresponds in particular to a first ground GND1 of the converter 1. Each switch M21, M22 may comprise a transistor in parallel with a freewheel diode. Each switch M21, M22 comprises a capacity C21, C22 in parallel. These capacitors C21, C22 are used to make a switch to zero voltage or ZVS (for "Zero Voltage Switching" in English) when opening the switches.
[0012] During the opening of a switch M21, M22 recovers the energy stored in an inductor to discharge and recharge the capacitor C21, C22 which is across the switch. Once the voltage is close to OV it comes to control the switch and thus performs a switching under zero voltage, which greatly reduces the switching losses. An inductor L2 has a first terminal connected to the midpoint of the two switches M21, M22, and a second terminal connected to the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. A capacitor C1 is connected between the second terminal of the inductor L2. and the first ground GND1 of the converter 1. This capacitor C1 makes it possible, for example, to interface the circuits 2, 3. The isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 comprises two switches M31, M32 in series, preferably identical. The switches M31, M32 comprise diodes and capacitors C31, C32 similar to the diodes and capacitors C21, C22 previously described for the switches M21, M22. The midpoint between the two switches M31, M32 is connected to a branch which comprises two isolation transformers T1, T2 in series. Each transformer T1, T2 comprises a primary L11, L21 and a secondary L12, L22. The primary L11, L21 and secondary L12, L22 are respectively in series. The midpoint of switches M31, M32 is connected to primaries L11, L21. A capacitor C33 is between the transformers Ti, T2 and the first ground GND1. The secondary L12, L22 are in series with their midpoint connected to a second ground GND2 of the voltage converter 1. Diodes D31, D32 are connected to the secondary L12, L22 to rectify the signal from transformers Ti, T2. For this purpose, a diode D31 has its anode connected to a terminal of a secondary L12 and the other diode D32 has its anode connected to a terminal of the other secondary L22, these terminals being different from the middle point of the two secondary L12 , L22. The diodes D31, D32 could advantageously be replaced by switches, in particular transistors, such as MOSFET, IGBT or other transistors, in order to obtain, for example, synchronous rectification at the output of the transformers T1, T2. For applications with high currents at the secondary level, the use of MOSFETs instead of the diodes makes it possible to improve the overall efficiency of the converter 1. The output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 is taken between the terminal of the diodes D31, D32 which is not connected to the secondary L12, L22 and which is common to the two diodes D31, D32 and the second ground GND2. The voltage converter 1 comprises a capacitor CF for filtering the signal delivered by the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The switches M31, M32 of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 have a duty cycle which makes it possible to transfer energy through the transformers Ti, T2. On a first part of a period of operation, the switch M31 is closed and the switch M32 is open. The primary L11 of the first transformer Ti provides an inductance allowing gentle switching of the switches M31, M32 and the primary L21 of the second transformer T2 transfers energy to the secondary L22 of the second transformer T2. On a second part of the operating period, the primary L21 of the second transformer T2 produces an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches M31, M32, and the primary L11 of the first transformer Ti transfers energy to the secondary L12 of the first transformer Ti. The durations of the first and second operating parts are defined by the duty cycle at switches M31, M32.
[0013] The switches M31, M32 operate with a cyclic ratio that does not vary, that is to say that remains constant over time. During operation of the converter 1, the output voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 is controlled by the voltage delivered by the regulation circuit 2, that is to say at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 For this purpose, the converter 1 comprises a control unit 5 of the regulation circuit 2. The control unit 5 delivers a signal S2 pulse width modulation (PWM) which controls the opening and closing of the switches M21, M22 of the regulation circuit 2 to control the electrical signal delivered by the regulation circuit 2. The switches M21, M22 are controlled so that the voltage delivered at the input of the DC / DC converter circuit Isolated DC 3, that is to say at the output of the regulation circuit 2, makes it possible to obtain a desired voltage value at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. Thus, contrary to the prior art, it is not n it is necessary to vary the duty cycle a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 can therefore operate at its most advantageous duty cycle, in particular at 50%. The voltage stresses across the diodes D31, D32 are a function of the duty ratio a, and are given by the following expressions: V (D31) = Vout / (1 - a) and V (D32) = vout / a The duty cycle a is preferably 50%. Thus, the voltage stresses across two diodes D31, D32 are equal, the wear is the same between the diodes. In addition, at a duty cycle of 50%, the current ripple due to the magnetising inductances of the transformers T1, T2 are compensated for each other. Thus, the secondary current L12, L22 is continuous. More particularly, the magnetising inductances of the transformers Ti, T2 are such that at a constant duty cycle, equal to 50% in particular, a magnetizing current flowing in the transformers Ti, T2 allows smooth switching of the switches M31, M32 of the DC / DC converter. In particular, when the input voltage Ue of the voltage converter 1 varies, the regulation circuit 2 makes it possible to ensure that the input voltage U at the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 keeps a value which allows obtain the desired output voltage Vout. Thus, if the input voltage Ue of the converter 1 changes value, the control unit 5 correspondingly modifies the control of the duty cycles of the switches M21, M22 to maintain the voltage U at the output of the regulation circuit 2, c This is particularly advantageous in an electric vehicle where the charge level of a battery can vary over time. More particularly, the control unit 5 performs a first current control loop delivered by the regulation circuit 2 at a difference between the value Vout mes of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 and a voltage Vout. At the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3, the control unit 5 receives the voltage Vout mes measured at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3, possibly multiplied by a gain K 1. The control unit 5 then compares a voltage setpoint V * with the measured voltage Vout mes. The voltage setpoint V * corresponds to the desired voltage Vout at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. Depending on the result of the comparison, a controller 51 delivers a current setpoint I2consol to the regulation circuit 2 so as to obtain a U voltage expected at the output of the regulation circuit 2, that is to say at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The current setpoint I2cons is such that the regulation circuit 2 delivers to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. 3 the input voltage value U corresponding to the respective voltage value Vout expected at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The first servocontrol loop could be implemented by any other means. For example, the first loop could directly slave the voltage U delivered by the control circuit 2. The control unit 5 can furthermore provide protection for the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. For example, in the event of a short-circuit at the level of the output load Rout, the control unit 5 can protect the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 by acting on the controls S2 of the regulation circuit 2 so as to cancel the input voltage of the DC / DC converter circuit isolated 3 in order to protect it.
[0014] The current setpoint I2cons can be transmitted directly to a controller 52 which delivers to the control circuit 2 the PWM signal S2 from the current setpoint I2cons. However, the control unit 5 can produce a second loop which slaves the current delivered by the regulation circuit 2 to a difference between the value I2mes of the current delivered by the regulation circuit 2 and the current setpoint I2cons. In particular, the control unit 5 compares the current setpoint I2cons from the first loop with the current I2mes measured at the output of the control circuit 2. The current 12 cons is possibly multiplied by a gain K2 before the comparison. According to the result of this comparison, the controller 52 determines the control signal S2 of the duty cycle of the switches M21, M22 of the regulation circuit 2, so as to adjust the current delivered by the regulation circuit 2 to obtain the expected current I2. ; and thus obtain a signal having the expected voltage U at the output of the regulation circuit 2, that is to say at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The second servocontrol loop could be implemented by any other means allowing to obtain, at the output of the regulation circuit 2, the voltage U in order to reach the voltage Vout at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. In particular, a voltage loop could be used. However, the current loop is easier to implement because, in small signal, the current loop makes it possible to have a first order transfer function while the voltage loop is of the second order. In addition, the voltage converter 1 could implement the first loop without using the second loop. The converter 1 according to the invention can be designed to cover a range of operation. The operating range corresponds to an input voltage Ue of the converter 1 between a minimum value Uenuni and a maximum value Uemaxi; and at an output voltage Vout between a minimum value Voutnunr and a maximum value Vout r. For example, the input voltage Ue is between 170 and 450V; and the target voltage Vout at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit is between 12 and 16V. For example, the minimum value Voutmini of the output voltage is between 8 and 14V and the maximum value Voutmaxr of the output voltage is between 15 and 16V. In the example of FIG. 1, the regulation circuit 2 is a down converter. The converter 1, in particular the regulation circuit 2, is then configured to be able to deliver the maximum output voltage Voutmaxi with the minimum voltage Uemini. The examples of converters illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 are similar to the example of FIG. 2 but differ by the regulation circuit 2. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a converter in which the regulation circuit 2 is a known step-up circuit. itself. The converter 1, in particular the control circuit 2, is then configured to be able to deliver the minimum output voltage Voutmini with the maximum input voltage U emax. FIG. 4 illustrates another example of a converter in which the regulation circuit 2 is a step-up circuit known per se. In this example, the regulation circuit 2 can lower or raise the voltage, which facilitates the use of the regulation circuit 2. In the examples illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, the output of the regulation circuit 2 is connected to the converter circuit. Isolated DC / DC 3 at the branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 which includes the switches M31, M32. The examples illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7 are identical to the examples of FIGS. 2 to 4 except that, in FIGS. 5 to 6, the output of regulation circuit 2 is connected to the branch of the DC / DC converter circuit. Isolated 3 which includes transformers T1, T2. In particular, the regulation circuit 2 is connected between the transformers T1, T2 and the capacitor C33. In addition, the diodes D31, D32 are replaced by switches; and the high output is connected to the midpoint of the secondary L12, L22, while in the previous examples, the high output is connected to the common terminal of the diodes D31, D32. However, the examples illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7 could be identical to the examples of FIGS. 2 to 4 with regard to these characteristics.
[0015] The examples of converters 1 can be configured to operate, on a first operating range of the converter 1, with a cyclic ratio of the DC / DC converter circuit 3 which is constant and, on a second operating range of the converter 1, with a cyclic ratio that is variable. This is particularly advantageous for obtaining an input voltage range Ue and / or an output voltage range Vout which are larger compared to an operation in which the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit is always constant. In FIG. 8, a graph represents the gain G of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 of the converter 1 illustrated in FIG. 3, as a function of the duty cycle a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The gain G corresponds to the ratio between the voltage Vout at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 on the voltage U at the input of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3. The relation between the gain G and the duty cycle a is defined by: G-mxu Vout = ax (1 - a), with m the transformation ratio of a transformer Ti, T2. For example, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 operates with a constant duty cycle equal to 0.5. The previously defined operating range corresponds to the first operating range. If it is desired to achieve values outside the first operating range, the duty cycle of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 can be varied to achieve the desired value. Thus, the converter 1 has a total operating range which is enlarged with respect to the embodiments described above. For example, in the first operating range, the input voltage Ue is between 170 and 450V; and the target voltage Vout at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 is between 12 and 16V. The second operating range is defined by a lower threshold Uemin2 input voltage equal to 450V and an upper threshold Voutmax2 output voltage equal to 12V. If, when the input voltage is equal to 450V, it is desired to reach an output voltage target value of less than 12V, for example 9V, the target value can not be reached by modifying the duty cycle of the control circuit 2 because the circuit 2 is a boost converter which can only raise the input voltage Ue. On the other hand, by modifying the duty cycle a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, the gain of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit decreases, which makes it possible to reduce the output voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit, and thus enables 'reach the target value, for example 9V. For this purpose, the duty ratio a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 may be decreased to a value less than 0.5 or to a value a2 greater than 0.5. For power applications, it is advantageous to interleave several of the converters 1 illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 7. Converters 1 can be connected in parallel and interleaved in order to limit the output current ripple and reduce the value of the capacitance. CF filtering device at the output of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3.
[0016] In each converter 1, thanks to the regulation circuit 2, the duty cycle a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 remains constant. Or, in each converter 1, the duty cycle a of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 remains constant over a first part of the operating range and varies over a second part of the operating range as previously described. FIG. 9 illustrates an operation of a conversion device 10 which comprises an interleaving of converters 1. Preferably, the first servocontrol loop is common to all the converters 1. Thus, the regulation circuits 2 receive the same instruction of current I2cons. For this purpose, the device 10 may comprise a single controller 51 delivering a single current setpoint I2consc to all the regulation circuits 2. Thus, a current balancing between the voltage converters 1 is ensured. Preferably, the converters 1 operate with a phase shift. In particular, the regulation circuits 2 operate with a phase shift of 27c / n, where n is the number of interleaved converters 1, which makes it possible to limit the fluctuations at the output of the device 10 and the problems of electromagnetic compatibility. The isolated DC / DC converter circuits 3 operate with a phase shift of it / n which makes it possible to limit the ripples at the output of the device 10. The invention is not limited to the examples described. In particular, the voltage loops can be replaced by current loops, conversely the current loops can be replaced by voltage loops. In addition, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 has been described with a half-bridge structure. However, the isolated DC / DC converter circuit 3 could have a full bridge structure, or any other structure allowing the realization of the isolated DC / DC converter function.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. Voltage converter (1) comprising: - an isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) having switches (M31, M32) whose opening and closing successions with at least one duty cycle (a) are capable of transmitting energy through the isolated DC / DC converter (3); a control circuit (2) for the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3); the control circuit (2) being configured to control the output voltage (Vout) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) by changing the voltage delivered to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3), the duty cycle (a) isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) remaining constant.
[0002]
2. Converter (1) according to claim 1, wherein the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) is configured so that its duty ratio (a) is substantially equal to 50%.
[0003]
3. Converter (1) according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the control circuit (2) and the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) are in a single module.
[0004]
4. Converter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a circuit (5) for implementing a first loop so as to slave a setpoint (I2cons) of an electrical parameter of a signal of the control circuit (2 ) to a difference between the value (Vout mes) of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) and an output voltage setpoint (V *) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3), the setpoint (I2cons) of the electrical parameter being such that the control circuit (2) delivers to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) an input voltage value corresponding to a respective output voltage value of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit. (3).
[0005]
5. Converter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control circuit (2) is a DC / DC converter type Sepic, Cuk, step-down, elevator or step-down.
[0006]
6. Converter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprises at least a first (T1) and a second (T2) series isolation transformers, the switches ( M31, M32) for transmitting energy through the isolated DC / DC converter (3) via the transformers (T1, T2).
[0007]
7. Converter according to the preceding claim wherein the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) is configured so that: - on a first part of a period of operation, the primary (L11) of the first transformer (T1) performs a inductance allowing gentle switching of the switches (M31, M32) and the primary (L21) of the second transformer (T2) transfers energy to the secondary (L22) of the second transformer (T2); - On a second part of the operating period, the primary (L21) of the second transformer (T2) realizes an inductance allowing a soft switching of the switches (M31, M32), and the primary (L11) of the first transformer (T1) transfers an energy towards the secondary (L12) of the first transformer (T1).
[0008]
8. Converter (1) according to claims 6 or 7, wherein a magnetizing inductance of at least one transformer (T1, T2) is configured so that the duty cycle (a) a magnetizing current flowing in the transformer (Ti , T2) allows a smooth switching of the switches (M31, M32) of the isolated DC / DC converter (3).
[0009]
9. Converter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the output of the control circuit (2) is connected to the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) at a branch of the DC / DC converter circuit isolated (3) comprising at least a portion of the switches (M31, M32) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3).
[0010]
Converter (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the output of the control circuit (2) is connected to a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprising said transformers (T1, T2). .
[0011]
11. Device (10) for converting voltage comprising at least two voltage converters (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the two converters (1) being interleaved; and wherein the control circuits (2) are configured to operate with a phase shift of 27c / n, and the isolated DC / DC converter circuits (3) are configured to operate with a phase shift of it / n, where n is the number of voltage converters (1) intertwined.
[0012]
12. Device (10) according to claim 11 comprising converters (1) according to claim 4, wherein the voltage converters (1) share a single circuit (5) for implementing the first loop, so that the circuits of regulation (2) receive the same instruction (I2cons).
[0013]
A voltage conversion method comprising the steps of: - providing at least one isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) having switches (M31, M32) including opening and closing successions with at least one duty cycle (a) allow energy to be transmitted through the isolated DC / DC converter (3); and a control circuit (2) for the input voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3); - controlling the output voltage (Vout) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) by changing the voltage delivered to the isolated DC / DC converter (3), the duty cycle (a) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) remaining constant.
[0014]
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the duty cycle (a) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) is substantially equal to 50%.
[0015]
15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the control of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprises a first loop controlling the setpoint (I2cons) of an electrical parameter of a circuit signal. for regulating (2) a difference between the value (Vout mes) of the output voltage of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) and an output voltage setpoint (V *) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3). ), the setpoint (I2cons) of the electrical parameter being such that the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) receives an input voltage having a value corresponding to a respective output voltage value of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3). ).
[0016]
16. Method according to one of claims 13 to 15 comprising providing the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprising at least a first and a second isolation transformer (T1, T2) in series; and wherein: - on a first part of an operating period of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3), the primary (L11) of the first transformer (T1) produces an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches (M31, M32 ) and the primary (L21) of the second transformer (T2) transfers energy to the secondary (L22) of the second transformer (T2); - On a second part of the operating period of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3), the primary (L21) of the second transformer (T2) realizes an inductance allowing a smooth switching of the switches (M31, M32), and the primary (L11) of the first transformer (T1) transfers energy to the secondary (L12) of the first transformer (T1).
[0017]
17. Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the control of the output voltage (Vout) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprises the modification of a voltage delivered by the control circuit (2). ) at a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprising at least a portion of the switches (M31, M32) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3).
[0018]
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the control of the output voltage (Vout) of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprises the modification of a voltage delivered by the control circuit (2) at the level of a branch of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3) comprising the transformers of the isolated DC / DC converter circuit (3).
[0019]
The method of one of claims 13 to 18 including providing a plurality of interleaved isolated DC / DC converters (3); and wherein: the isolated DC / DC converter circuits (3) operate with an it / n phase shift, where n is the number of interleaved converters; and the control circuit or circuits (2) operate with a phase shift of 27c / n.
[0020]
20. A method according to claims 15 and 19, wherein the control of the output voltage (Vout) isolated DC / DC circuits is realized with the same setpoint (I2cons) delivered by a single control circuit (2).

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

FR3023083B1|2018-03-16|

US20170163174A1|2017-06-08|

EP3161951A1|2017-05-03|

CN106664017B|2020-04-21|

CN106664017A|2017-05-10|

HUE055398T2|2021-11-29|

US10181797B2|2019-01-15|

EP3161951B1|2021-05-19|

WO2016001561A1|2016-01-07|

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2016-01-01| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160101 |

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2017-06-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

2018-06-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |

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2021-06-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

FR1456219A|FR3023083B1|2014-06-30|2014-06-30|VOLTAGE CONVERTER COMPRISING AN ISOLATED DC / DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT|

FR1456219|2014-06-30|FR1456219A| FR3023083B1|2014-06-30|2014-06-30|VOLTAGE CONVERTER COMPRISING AN ISOLATED DC / DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT|

CN201580036135.6A| CN106664017B|2014-06-30|2015-06-29|Voltage converter including isolated DC/DC converter circuit|

US15/320,982| US10181797B2|2014-06-30|2015-06-29|Voltage converter comprising an isolated DC/DC converter circuit|

PCT/FR2015/051771| WO2016001561A1|2014-06-30|2015-06-29|Voltage converter comprising an isolated dc/dc converter circuit|

EP15742360.9A| EP3161951B1|2014-06-30|2015-06-29|Voltage converter comprising an isolated dc/dc converter circuit|

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